The star formation history of the Sco-Cen association
- Author(s)
- Sebastian Ratzenböck, Josefa E. Großschedl, João Alves, Núria Miret-Roig, Immanuel Bomze, John Forbes, Alyssa Goodman, Alvaro Hacar, Doug Lin, Stefan Meingast, Torsten Möller, Martin Piecka, Laura Posch, Alena Rottensteiner, Cameren Swiggum, Catherine Zucker
- Abstract
We reconstructed the star formation history of the Sco-Cen OB association using a novel high-resolution age map of the region. We developed an approach to produce robust ages for Sco-Cen's recently identified 37 stellar clusters using the SigMA algorithm. The Sco-Cen star formation timeline reveals four periods of enhanced star formation activity, or bursts, remarkably separated by about 5 Myr. Of these, the second burst, which occurred about 15 million years ago, is by far the dominant one, and most of Sco-Cen's stars and clusters were in place by the end of this burst. The formation of stars and clusters in Sco-Cen is correlated but not linearly, implying that more stars were formed per cluster during the peak of the star formation rate. Most of the clusters that are large enough to have supernova precursors were formed during the second burst around 15 Myr ago. Star and cluster formation activity has been continuously declining since then. We have clear evidence that Sco-Cen formed from the inside out and that it contains 100-pc long chains of contiguous clusters exhibiting well-defined age gradients, from massive older clusters to smaller young clusters. These observables suggest an important role for feedback in forming about half of Sco-Cen stars, although follow-up work is needed to quantify this statement. Finally, we confirm that the Upper-Sco age controversy discussed in the literature during the last decades is solved: the nine clusters previously lumped together as Upper-Sco, a benchmark region for planet formation studies, exhibit a wide range of ages from 3 to 19 Myr.
- Organisation(s)
- Research Network Data Science, Department of Astrophysics, Faculty of Computer Science, Department of Statistics and Operations Research
- External organisation(s)
- University of Canterbury, Center for Computational Astrophysics - Simons Foundation, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, Tsinghua University, Space Telescope Science Institute
- Journal
- Astronomy & Astrophysics
- Volume
- 678
- No. of pages
- 20
- ISSN
- 0004-6361
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202346901
- Publication date
- 10-2023
- Peer reviewed
- Yes
- Austrian Fields of Science 2012
- 103003 Astronomy
- Keywords
- ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science
- Portal url
- https://ucrisportal.univie.ac.at/en/publications/92a3a91c-58e2-41fc-8f69-2aae61d2ad2e