Transformation of spin in quantum reference frames

Author(s)
Marion Mikusch, Luis C. Barbado, Časlav Brukner
Abstract

In physical experiments, reference frames are standardly modeled through a specific choice of coordinates used to describe the physical systems, but they themselves are not considered as such. However, any reference frame is a physical system that ultimately behaves according to quantum mechanics. We develop a framework for rotational (i.e., spin) quantum reference frames, with respect to which quantum systems with spin degrees of freedom are described. We give an explicit model for such frames as systems composed of three spin coherent states of angular momentum j and introduce the transformations between them by upgrading the Euler angles occurring in classical SO(3) spin transformations to quantum mechanical operators acting on the states of the reference frames. To ensure that an arbitrary rotation can be applied on the spin we take the limit of infinitely large j, in which case the angle operator possesses a continuous spectrum. We prove that rotationally invariant Hamiltonians (such as that of the Heisenberg model) are invariant under a larger group of quantum reference frame transformations. Our result is a development of the quantum reference frame formalism for a non-Abelian group.

Organisation(s)
Quantum Optics, Quantum Nanophysics and Quantum Information
External organisation(s)
Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften (ÖAW)
Journal
Physical Review Research
Volume
3
No. of pages
12
ISSN
2643-1564
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.3.043138
Publication date
11-2021
Peer reviewed
Yes
Austrian Fields of Science 2012
103025 Quantum mechanics, 103028 Theory of relativity
ASJC Scopus subject areas
General Physics and Astronomy
Portal url
https://ucrisportal.univie.ac.at/en/publications/9bff0fe6-ed32-409c-ac11-6aff27ebef66